某铅锌矿周边农田土壤重金属污染评价及农产品污染特征

摘要：

为探究云南某铅锌矿农田土壤重金属污染状况及其环境风险,测定了该区域农田土壤7种重金属元素(Pb,Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn、As、Hg)质量含量及其对应农产品重金属含量.采用污染指数法,潜在生态危害指数(RI)法和地质累积指数(1.)法对重金属污染程度、潜在污染风险进行评价,利用主成分分析(PCA)和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型对重金属来源进行定量解析,结果显示,研究区内 Pb、Cd、Zn、As和 Hg质量含量平均值均高于云南省土壤背景值,而 Cu和 Ni的平均质量含量则低于背景值,Cd.Zn、Pb和 As ,的点位超标率分别为 96.77%.45.16%.32.26%和 16.13%.指数法显示,Cd属于重度污染,P6 处于警戒线,总体污染等级为重度污染;潜在生态危害指数法表明,Cd的生态危害程度为极强,总体潜在生态危害达到强污染级别;地质累积指数 Cd、Zn、Pb 均大于 0,其中 Cd污染最严重,Pb、Zn次之.来源解析分析可知,Cu,Ni主要来源于成土母质等自然因素;Pb、Cd、Zn 主要来源于工矿业活动:As 受自然与人为的共同影响:Hg主要来源于工农业生产,农产品中 Pb 的超标率高达 100%,超标最为严重,云南应加大对工矿业活动的规范管理,以减小对生态环境和食品安全的影响.

In order to investigate the heavy metals pollution status of farmland soil and its environmental risk in a leadzinc mine in Yunnan, the mass contents of seven heavy metal elements(Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Hg) in farmland soil and their corresponding heavy metal contents in agricultural products in the region were determined. The pollution index method.potential ecological hazard index(Rl) and geological accumulation index(Igeo) were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metals pollution and potential pollution risk, and the principal component analysis(PCA) and positive definite matrix factorization (PMF) models were used to quantitatively analyze the sources of heavy metals. The results showed that the mean values of Pb,Cd, Zn, As and Hg contents in the study area were higher than the background values of soils in Yunnan Province, while the mean contents of Cu and Ni were lower than the background values, and the exceedance rates of Cd, Zn, Ph and As at the points were 96.77%, 45.16%, 32.26% and 16.13%, respectively. The index method showed that Cd belonged to heavy pollution, Pb was in the alert level, and the overall pollution level was heavy；the potential ecological hazard index method indicated that the ecological hazard level of Cd was extremely strong, and the overall potential ecological hazards reached the level of strong pollution; and the ground cumulative indexes of Cd, Zn, and Pb were greater than 0, with Cd being the most seriously polluted and Pb and Zn the next most seriously polluted, Source analysis shows that Cu and Ni mainly come from natural factors such as soil-forming parent material; Pb, Cd and Zn mainly come from industrial and mining activities; As is affected by both natural factors and anthropogenic activities; and Hg mainly comes from industrial and agricultural production. The exceeding rate of Pb in agricultural products is as high as 100% , which is the most serious. Yunnan should enchance the standardization and management of industrial and mining activities in order to reduce the impact on the ecological environment and food safety.

作者:

张丽,蔡圣垚，周阳，申昕字，苗原，苏鹏，王松廷

Zhang Li，Cai Shengyao，Zhou Yang，Shen Xinyu，Miao Yuan，Su Peng，Wang Songting

机构地区：

河南大学生命科学学院；河南省黄河流域小秦岭生态修复野外科学观测研究站

引用本文：

张丽，蔡圣垚，周阳等。某铅锌矿周边农田土壤重金属污染评价及农产品污染特征[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2025,53(5):60-69.(Zhang Li, Cai Shengyao,Zhou Yang,et al.The heavy metals pollution assessment of farmland soil around the lead-zine mine and characteristics of agricultural product pollution[J].Journa of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2025,53(5):60-69.D01: 10.16366/ｊ.cnki.1000-23672024.10.09.0001.)

基金：

国家重点研发计划；云南省重点研发计划

关键词：

农田土壤；重金属；污染评价；来源解析

farmland soil; heavy metals; pollution assessment; source analysis

分类号：

X825

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