Canopy structural adaptation and nitrogen efficiency in winter wheat under reduced nitrogen input in the North China Plain

摘要：

针对华北平原冬小麦生产面临的单产瓶颈与氮肥高投人难题，研究通过三年田间定位试验，设置5个处理，解析减量施氮对冠层结构、产量及氮肥利用的调控机制。结果表明，减量施氮显著压缩上位叶片，优化冠层结构，其中倒二叶对氮素敏感性最高；茎节性状上，N2处理维持上部节间长度与基部茎秆直径，株高仅降3.9%;光分布方面，减量施氮使花后叶面积指数(LAD)降低18.6%~42.7%，但冠层基部透光率提升1~3倍;产量形成上，籽粒产量随LAI呈Logistic增长,N2产量较N4降19.1%，但氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)显著提高至44.1 kg·kg^-1.综上,减量施氮至180kg·hm^-2通过优化冠层光分布与茎穗结构稳定性，实现减产可控的资源高效利用，可作为华北平原冬小麦绿色生产的氮肥管理模式。

To address the dual challenges of yield stagnation and excessive nitrogen(N) fertilization in winter wheat production across the North China Plain, a three-year field positioning experiment was conducted with five N treatments. This study systematically elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of N reduction on canopy architecture, yield formation, and nitrogen utilize. The results indicated that reduced nitrogen application significantly compressed the upper canopy leaves. optimizing canopy structure, among which penultimate leaves exhibited the highest sensitivity to nitrogen availability. For stem traits, N2 maintained upper internode length and basal stem diameter while reducing plant height by only 3.9%. Regarding light distribution. although post-anthesis leaf area index(LAI) decreased by 18.6% to 42.7%, while the light transmitance at the canopy base was increased by 1~3 folds. Grain yield followed a logistic growth model with LAI, and the yield under N2 treatment(7.9 Mg·ha^-1) was 19.1% lower than that under N4 treatment, while the partial factor productivity of nitrogen(PFPN) was significantly increased to 44.1 kg·kg^-1. Conclusively, reducing N input to 180 kg·hm^-2 optimizes canopy light distribution and enhances structural robustness of stems and spikes, achieving resource-efficient utilization with controlled yield penaly.This strategy serves as an effective N management regime for environmentally sustainable winter wheat production in the North China Plain.

作者: 

黄建新，马静丽，韩茂林，陈彭，王小洁，蒿宝珍，陈磊山

Huang Jianxin,Ma Jingli,Han Maolin,Chen Peng,Wang Xiaojie,Hao Baozhen,Chen Leishan

机构地区：

新乡学院生物工程学院,

引用本文：

黄建新，马静丽，韩茂林等。减量施氮下华北平原冬小麦冠层结构重塑与氮肥增效机制[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2026.54(2):102-109.(Huang Jianxin. Ma Jingli. Han Maolin.et al. Canopy structural adaptation and nitrogen efficiency in winter wheat under reduced nitrogen input in the North China Plain[J].Joumal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science Edition).2026.54(2):102-109.DOI:10.16366/j.cnki.1000-2367.2025.06.05.0002.)

基金：

国家重点研发计划项目；河南省科技研发计划联合基金项目；河南省自然科学基金项目

关键词：

冬小麦；氮肥；冠层结构；产量；氮肥偏生产力

winter wheat; nitrogen fertilization; canopy architecture; grain yield; partial factor productivity of nitrogen

分类号：

S311

减量施氮下华北平原冬小麦冠层结构重塑与氮肥增效机制.pdf